What is the history of digital marketing? Digital marketing is the use of digital channels like search engines, social networks, mobile applications, email and websites, in conjunction with traditional forms such as television and radio broadcasting, to market products and services. Digital marketing stands apart from traditional forms in that it allows businesses to interact directly with customers, monitor customer trends and remain relevant and interesting in the eyes of customers.
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Back when computers were still large room-size machines equipped with numerous vacuum tubes, scientists began exploring ways to connect them across long distances. Leonard Kleinrock linked a UCLA computer with a Stanford computer using packet switching. Data was broken down into smaller pieces and sent across multiple channels, before being reassembled at the destination.
Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn developed an early form TCP/IP for ARPANET, which became the basis of modern Internet. ARPANET officially switched over to this system on January 1st 1983, marking its official introduction into modern existence as the Internet.
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In the decades that followed, the Internet thrived as its commercialization allowed more people to afford the hardware required to access it. This created a period of rapid expansion which resulted in the formation of websites, email services, and intensified forms of cybersociability. Sadly, 1997 saw the first speculative boom and subsequent collapse. However, this did not stop enthusiasm or growth of the Internet.
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Archie was the first search engine to be introduced on public FTP https://www.datasushi.net/how-digital-marketing-is-evolved servers in 1990. Although not as sophisticated, Archie set the groundwork for modern online marketing techniques.
Bajan Alan Emtage was a student of McGill University, Canada, when he created Archie. While working as systems administrator on their computer network, he soon was responsible for half of Eastern Canada's Internet traffic.
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As it ate up too much bandwidth, he initially kept his program under wraps at McGill but word quickly spread via Usenet and became an invaluable tool for finding free or public domain information.
Emtage chose not to patent his software because he did not want "big oil or big pharma" to absorb the search engine industry. This decision was extremely influential and remains important today in the history of digital marketing. Many techniques that he introduced through Archie are still employed today by search engines such as Google.
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HotWired Magazine of Wired Magazine developed the first clickable ads in 1993 as part of a digital publishing experiment to generate revenue by selling space on their website to advertisers. This was similar to how a print magazine would sell advertisements to generate income.
Digital marketing had yet to take hold, leaving marketers confused as to how best to implement it at first. Internet usage was not widespread at the time, so experts were unsure how to implement digital strategies in their businesses.
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At this time, a service called DoubleClick emerged that allowed companies to measure the return on investment (ROI) for banner ad campaigns while making real-time modifications on an active campaign.
The dot-com boom began in the early 1990s when many websites started to appear. Many of these businesses failed because they received funding, but were unable to turn it into profit growth. Google and Yahoo were able to survive this phase, as digital marketing continued to develop.
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The Boston Computer Exchange was the first eCommerce website. This site, which operated over a dial-up bulletin board system allowed individuals to buy or sell computers online.
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In the 1990s commercial Internet usage grew rapidly. The Archie search engine indexes FTP sites. Computer storage capacity has also increased to the point that companies now use databases instead of list brokers. This spurred on ecommerce.
Amazon launched as an online bookshop in 1995 and quickly became one of the most popular retail websites in the world. PayPal provided customers with a safer way to make transactions during this year; YouTube was also introduced, revolutionising marketing as we know it.
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Digital marketing as it exists today first emerged during the 1990s with the development of Archie as well as clickable web banner ads.
Alan Emtage initially developed Archie with an emphasis on indexing FTP sites using a data gatherer script-based data collector to search through folders and files across anonymous FTP servers for specific information. Later, Veronica was added for Gopher servers. Jughead was also introduced as a file-based search engine.
In the early 1990s, computer storage capacity increased dramatically and companies began to switch from list brokers to database marketing. Infoseek emerged at this time as one of the pioneers to provide search results ranked based on relevancy.
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In 1997, Ask Jeeves launched its question-and answer feature with its iconic Jeeves The Butler logo. It was an innovative search engine that used natural language rather than keywords. Other search engines like Yahoo, Google, and Excite adopted this approach.
